Poverty is a pervasive issue that affects individuals across all demographics in the United States. However, it disproportionately impacts minority groups, revealing stark disparities in socioeconomic status. According to data from 2016, poverty rates vary significantly among different populations: 11% for the white population, 22% for African Americans, 19.4% for the Latinx population, 10.1% for the Asian population, and a staggering 26.2% for the American Indian population. Additionally, 18% of children live in poverty, with many projected to remain in this cycle as they grow older. Women are also more likely to experience poverty compared to men (Sue et al., 2019).
The stressors associated with living in poverty—such as limited access to quality education, reduced likelihood of attending college, economic worries, discrimination, and family conflict—can contribute to a significant increase in mental health issues. Individuals in poverty are more susceptible to conditions such as depression and anxiety and are at a heightened risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to increased exposure to trauma and violence. These elevated stress levels, combined with the numerous challenges of poverty, underscore the critical need for mental health services within these communities.
Despite the clear need for mental health support, individuals living in poverty often face significant barriers to accessing these services. Factors such as a lack of health insurance, inflexible work schedules, and limited transportation options can prevent them from receiving the care they need (Sue et al., 2019). This lack of access exacerbates the mental health disparities experienced by these populations, leaving them vulnerable and underserved.
Enhancing Therapeutic Practice: Considerations for Working with Clients in Poverty
- Flexible Scheduling and Attendance Considerations: Given the demanding and often unpredictable nature of life for individuals in poverty, therapists should prioritize flexibility in scheduling. It is essential to discuss attendance with clients and develop a session schedule that accommodates their needs. Some clients may struggle to commit to a 50-minute session every week due to work or personal obligations. Being adaptable and proactive in outreach can help maintain consistent therapeutic engagement.
- Educating Yourself on Social Class Issues: Therapists should deepen their understanding of social class and its impact on mental health. Engaging in training and reading materials focused on social class can provide valuable insights into the realities of living in poverty. This knowledge can help therapists identify signs of social class stratification and bias, recognize social class privilege, and integrate a social justice framework into their counseling practice.
- Problem Solving and Resource Identification: For clients in poverty, addressing immediate needs and providing practical resources can be a crucial component of therapy. When clients struggle to secure basic necessities, they may lack the energy or desire to focus on their mental health. Therapists can support these clients by helping them identify and access resources that alleviate some of the pressures of poverty. This approach not only builds trust but also empowers clients to take steps toward improving their overall well-being.
Conclusion
Addressing the mental health needs of individuals living in poverty requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges and responds to the unique challenges they face. By adopting flexible scheduling practices, enhancing their understanding of social class issues, and incorporating resource identification into sessions, therapists can provide more effective and compassionate care to this vulnerable population. Ultimately, these efforts can help break the cycle of poverty and improve the mental health and quality of life for those who are most in need.
Reference:
Sue, D. W., Sue, D., Neville, H. A., & Smith, L. (2019). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.